Benchmarking NIMROD continuum kinetic formulations through the steady-state poloidal flow

In this work, continuum kinetic formulations are employed as a mechanism to include closure physics in an extended magnetohydrodynamics model. Two approaches have been implemented the plasma fluid code NIMROD [Sovinec et al., “Nonlinear with high-order finite elements,” J. Comput. Phys. 195, 355 (2004)] including Chapman–Enskog-like (CEL) formulation and more conventional ?f approach. Ion schemes describe neoclassical flow properties axisymmetric toroidal geometry. particular, predictions for steady-state values of poloidal profiles tokamak geometry provided using both two different solution techniques CEL These results benchmarked against analytic theory well from drift DK4D. The here show agreement DK4D results, offer novel velocity space representation involving higher-order elements pitch angle.